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good afternoon everyone my name is khan

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Sindhu I'm a PhD student from the

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University of Southern California so

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today I'm going to introduce my research

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special microbial community hydrothermal

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system I think in previous talk they

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already talked about a lot early life an

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extremum file why we need to focus on

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the hydrothermal system so I don't want

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to keep repeating it so um Luke Raja I

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want to ask in my research is I want to

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figure out the inter reaction the

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linkage between a microorganism and a

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geochemical cycle in the high

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temperature system so there are three

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different types of a hydrothermal system

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like the terrestrial hydrothermal system

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the most famous example is the

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Yellowstone National Park and the deep

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sea hydrothermal systems such as a black

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smoker or losses city both of them were

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investigated a lot like in previous talk

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and but I focus on the show sea

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hydrothermal system shows the

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hydrothermal system are geochemical and

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the physical transition between the

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other two systems it's more complicated

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than the other two and two systems and

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it's very interested but however not too

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much research come here so the show sea

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hydrothermal just like a golden my to

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open up so my someone inside located at

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the middle island greece it's on South

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agency sauce agency and lost iconic

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event it's 300 meter off shore of the

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paleo crow repair and the water taps is

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around 12 meters and this is a first

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difficulty I met right style this

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project because I don't know how to swim

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and we need to do scout school dive in

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to codex simple so my advisor

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young man's he helped me to collect all

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example in last summer so and that this

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is my symbol inside so the white men are

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covered on the vent so and the UM 2

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meter away from the AL Central vent

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there are some secrets cover on the

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sediment in the between a secret area

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and the white man area there's a

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transition zone so we collect the for

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sediment core is around 20 centimeters

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in four different place and applause the

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background oh area is like around 80

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meter away from this vent and we also

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collect some surface sediment poor fool

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is when he flew it and the barrel film

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so this is how we collected sediment the

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coal under a water and we bring this

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settlement co to import and user rhizome

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and the average 2 centimeter with

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drilling a hole and I put the rice on

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inside and they collect OLAP hole

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through it and a lost Pope really simple

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are we useful at your chemical data

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analysis and the low temperature and the

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ph I would were measured in the field so

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this is a transect of the simple inside

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leg here so this part did this is most

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close to Levin sauce so the temperature

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is around 80 degrees celsius and the

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decreased to 20 degrees sauces during

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like 20 centimeters times 2 meter scale

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and a pH increased from four to eight

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and so I first I predict if the venue

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food and icy water only mix to each

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other look um the profile the pattern

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gradient should be curry at with balls

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are the depths and the distance but when

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I take a look at my geochemical data so

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like the soffit megan is and

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total dissolved nitrogen the only

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function with the distance and the

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dissolved organic carbon create with the

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depth and I or arsenic they are more

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complicated so we I cannot see any very

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clear pattern associated with just

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distance or depth so it might be some

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other thing dry regulates that your

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chemical cycle here so microorganism

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will be the only answer in this

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environment so I choose a 16 sample and

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send forth Paris sequencing so it's

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included three our sample from each side

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medical from top middle and the button

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and the venting folate from my method

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porphyry foreign transition zone and the

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surface seawater and the fields uh

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negative control so this is a premier

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data I just got like around a month ago

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so in so um the i got like around 1.5

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million sequences and let's take root ah

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this colin so the four column is from

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four different as a diamond core and the

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secret and a big one call it looks very

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similar the microbial company just

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switch with the depth so that's don't in

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these three previous settlement co and

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tech roots the white mat first so the

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Tibbles the same hook is most close to

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event sauce it dominated with archaea

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it's like roughly seventy percent

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archaea in whole sample and it dominated

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with Thomason otro for some high

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personal file and it switched to a queef

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it k and because the laws are kiala

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produce a lot of hydrogen and the loss

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aquafit equivocal i can use hydrogen as

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the

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decreased jolla community switch to a

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casino bacteria from acute loss on metal

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file and the Lake Hanna depth in the

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Arctic and the exec availment and the

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next part is the let's take you the blue

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part is a proteobacteria mmm so the

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proteobacteria is dominating all the

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sample except for the vents temple and

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they dominate with the epsilon and the

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Delta and this is in the community

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switch they cause the regular sulfa

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cycle in this area so the episode our

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product bacterially Liam Famers sulfur

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oxides and the lake and Proteus sulfate

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and the Delta proteobacteria they use of

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it a lot they are very famous in Arabic

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so we're reducing bacteria so based on

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my own geochemical profile and my

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community profile ah close 12 and it's

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not only the Vengeance that good

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seawater it also the Delta

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proteobacteria late use sulfate and a

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produce sulfide in the inner transition

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zone loss of software oxidizer that

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produces a lot of sulfate and the late

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decrease in the sequence area again so

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let's switch to a heat map so from the

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him away can see all the simple dominate

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with the proteobacteria and only in

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awhile mate I switch to a different

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microbial community in the tip-sample is

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switched archaea and initial sample is

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switched to make us and action or

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bacteria so if we calculate the

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correlation coefficient of each violin

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we can see the ocular always prefer live

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with the other archaea but I

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the other on aerobic bacteria file and

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they always prefer to grow with the

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other aerobic bacteria the only

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exception is the Tamaki ohta so tomorrow

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Kelly prefer those are with the

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cyanobacteria from accuse and they

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always go together and the

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proteobacteria if they show up in the in

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a simple you cannot see any and archaea

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in a simple so I want to know how to

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hold a cluster analysis and this is a

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calculation result so the secrets in the

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background it always costs together and

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the transition zone and the wine met no

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matter I user or community or the

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bacterial community to calculate it and

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the next part I use a so track to so to

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check the microorganism how to mix with

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seawater and the venue fluid so I set up

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a three different sources so like

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seawater penguin statements and the

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venting sediment so based on this result

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regular white net area they dominated

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with definitely dominate with the vent

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sediment microbial community but the

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backgrounds and the secrets determinate

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with the sediment of the ground

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settlement microbial community but in a

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transition zone that all mix with

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seawater trans a background settlement

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and the venting sediment so the

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microbial community it just makes from

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the sea water and the van andel event so

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they mix with each other and the left

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some unknown and this is the next step I

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I need to figure out in so the roughly

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summary of my research the geochemistry

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is controlled by microbial community

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even though microbial come here just mix

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with water and the venting fluid but

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because of microbial community they have

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a different metabolisms in here late so

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they regulate the geochemical cycle in

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this system it's become so different

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it's not only just associated with depth

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and distance so um next step I need to

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finish a qualify of the function gene to

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figure out how much a what kind of my

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table isn't located in each side and

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around a prayer crust and to predict the

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functional profile of a microbial

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community with ste this turns depth

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temperature pH or even each different on

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your chemical profile and i will run

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some metagenomics analysis I just my

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proposal just got um proved by the

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carbon observatory and the fondant i can

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send the meta-genome make sequencing for

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them and the future work i will come by

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a previous data i already finished like

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the cultural and a thermodynamic

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calculation and hope i can contract the

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whole biogeochemical cycle model in this

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and show a hydrothermal systems and a

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new thing for my advisory and all the

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okay we have time for a few questions

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yeah thank you that was a fantastic talk

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and it sounds like really fun work I'm

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curious if you think the reason that

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you're not seeing archaea in the samples

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with proteobacteria is solely spatially

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related so that you're just not

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collecting samples with our key in them

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because they're not in that part of the

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water column or if there is an out

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competition of some form that having pro

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do is in your sample automatically means

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that they're doing something that the

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archaea then can't survive in that area

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so actually they still have a like

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little bit archaea in the other color

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just not too much because the

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temperature is much lower than event so

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i think the most of our Kia survive here

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they need a high temperature and the low

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pH a violent so okay that's why less we

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should a community okay thanks very much